How To Increase Berries On Doublefile Viburnums
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All About Growing Viburnums
Showy, often-fragrant flowers are followed by colorful berries and fall leaf
Information technology can exist risky for a nursery owner to become out on a limb most naming his favorite plants. Simply I take absolutely no qualms nigh saying that viburnums are my pick for the most versatile and garden-worthy genus of shrubs. Also having attractive foliage and growth habits, the best viburnums also offer lovely—sometimes even fragrant—flowers. Many besides avowal colorful fruits and stunning fall foliage. In addition, the fruits are highly-seasoned to birds and other wildlife. What more could you ask of a shrub?
As a garden designer, whenever I've needed a shrub for a problem area—dry out, wet, sunny, or shady—a viburnum has ever come to the rescue. There are more than 150 species of Viburnum; many are native to North America, growing in USDA Hardiness Zones 2 to ix. My current garden is in Zone six, Connecticut, but I've too grown viburnums in the Zone 2 climate of Vermont.
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Viburnum spp. and cvs.
Vie-BUR-num
- A genus of more than than 150 evergreen, semi-evergreen, and deciduous woody plants. Many are native to Due north America, only their range extends to Southeast Asia and South America. They are admired for their foliage, flowers, and fruit.
- Most viburnums blossom in leap. The sometimes-fragrant flowers range from white and cream to pink-flushed or wholly pinkish. They are borne in terminal or axillary panicles, clusters, corymbs, or cymes, which are often spherical or domed. Some species have blooms similar to the flattened heads of lacecap hydrangeas.
- Many species carry ornamental fruits in belatedly summer or fall. They are unremarkably spherical or ovoid and may exist ruddy, yellow, blueish, or blackness.
- Near viburnums grow in any moderately fertile, moist only well-drained soil in total sunday to partial shade. Some viburnums adopt dry out soil.
- Viburnums can exist propagated by seed, but the procedure is labor-intensive. Instead, take softwood cuttings when a six-inch terminal branch snaps when bent, which is normally in summer.
- Cold hardiness varies by species, but most viburnums will grow in USDA Hardiness Zones 4 to viii.
Photo/Illustration: Steve Silk
Viburnums are unremarkably shrubs, only their habits vary. A few dwarf varieties, such as Viburnum opulus 'Nanum', are under 3 anxiety. Others, such equally Seibold viburnum (V. seiboldii), may abound upward to 20 feet tall. Most viburnums also have a total spreading habit. Some viburnums tin become medium-size trees, especially if they are pruned. Viburnums excel as specimen plants or every bit anchors in mixed borders. Yous won't find a more than versatile group of shrubs for hedges or for massing in groups, since viburnums agree their own in every season. Some viburnums, such as Prague viburnum (V. 'Pragense'), are evergreen. Others, such as leatherleaf viburnum (5. rhytidophyllum), are semi-evergreen in colder climates, losing their leaves when temperatures dip below 10° F.
A few viburnums can be grown every bit standards and used in various settings. A viburnum standard can create height in the back of a border or in pots on each side of a terrace entrance, underplanted with annuals. Varieties that look good as standards are: V. plicatum var. tomentosum 'Newport', V. carlesii 'Compactum', and V. × bodnantense 'Dawn'. The latter's late-winter blooms provide a wonderful brandish.
These adaptable shrubs are piece of cake to grow
Attractive fruits are office of the ongoing prove offered by many viburnums. Known equally cranberry bush viburnum, V. trilobum bears masses of bright-cherry berries that often persist through winter.
Photo/Illustration: Virginia Small-scale
One of the things I like almost about viburnums is that they grow without a lot of fussing over them. Those that are native to Northward America are especially adjustable. For example, although Southern blackhaw viburnum (V. rufidulum) grows equally an understory shrub in the Piedmont, it will take full sun in good soil. This viburnum makes a fine specimen. Its rounded leaves turn burgundy in fall. Accented past blue drupes of fruit, it is scenic confronting a backdrop of evergreens. Another native, arrowwood viburnum (5. dentatum), adapts to many soil weather. It weathered a recent drought here without looking the least bit straggly.
If you need a reliable shrub for deep shade with moist soil, consider hobblebush viburnum (5. alnifolium, as well known as V. lantanoides). Hiking in New Hampshire recently, I came across the loveliest stand of hobblebush I've e'er seen. Limbs that had fallen on the ground had taken root and formed a colony. Nannyberry viburnum (V. lentago) is another native that enjoys moist shade, only it tin likewise adapt to sun and dry soil. It has creamy-white lacecap flowers in mid- to late May here in Connecticut. Its fruit—1/2-inch drupes—turns shades of yellow, rose, pink, and finally, blue-blackness. Sometimes all shades are showing at once.
Photograph/Illustration: Virginia Small
A shut kin to these two natives is blackhaw viburnum (V. prunifolium). While it prefers dry feet, information technology's adjustable to many soil types, and to sunny and shady sites. Its night-dark-green foliage turns purplish-red in fall, and its fruit turns from pink to bluish-blackness, with a waxy, gray bloom. I observe it makes a great small, single-stem tree.
Most viburnums grow best in full sun but are just as content in light to partial shade. Except for a few varieties, noted in the chart Viburnums that excel from season to flavour, give them moderately fertile, moist but well-drained soil with a pH from five.6 to six.half-dozen. When viburnums enjoy adept air circulation, they rarely endure from fungal diseases. If they're content in their site, they're commonly non bothered by pests.
Viburnums are known for their attractive foliage
The leaves of mapleleaf viburnum (V. acerfolium) turn various colors in fall.
Photo/Illustration: J. Paul Moore
Most viburnums in tillage accept reliably attractive leaf. Leaves vary in size, texture, and color. Foliage may be rounded or lance-shape, and entire or toothed around the edges. Nearly deciduous viburnums have nifty fall color, ranging from yellow to scarlet to burgundy, depending on the species or cultivar. But mapleleaf viburnum (V. acerfolium) is hard to trounce, turning purple to rosy in the autumn. This is too a shrub that could aid you out in those dry, shady spots.
If y'all're looking for an evergreen or semi-evergreen shrub, consider V. × rhytidophylloides and its cultivars. 'Willowwood' has lustrous, securely veined green foliage and flowers in the autumn. In my garden, information technology usually makes it through winter looking good. 'Allegheny' has dumbo, rounded, dark-dark-green leaves. I like the manner its brilliant red-to-blackness fruit looks against the foliage.
But don't forget the flowers
Viburnums have 2 major types of flower heads: flat-topped clusters of flowers that resemble lacecap hydrangeas, and snowball types, with globe- or dome-shape flower clusters. Viburnum flowers range from creamy white to pink. The buds, often shaped like small-scale nuts, are usually attractive likewise.
The list of outstanding flowering viburnums is long, but I desire to mention just a few. Burkwood viburnum (Five. × burkwoodii), semi-evergreen in a balmy winter, is extremely fragrant and has many cultivars. 'Anne Russell', a meaty shrub, has fragrant pink buds and red fall leaf. 'Mohawk', introduced by the tardily Dr. Donald Egolf of the National Arboretum, has a striking fragrance of spice as its cherry buds open into white snowballs. Introduced by William Judd at the Arnold Arboretum in 1920, Judd viburnum (V. × juddii) is an extremely heavy flowering hybrid of V. bitchiuense. It has purple fall foliage with black fruit. Mayflower viburnum (V. carlesii), an old garden favorite, is popular for good reason. Also known equally Korean spice viburnum, information technology has very fragrant pink buds that open to showy white snowball flowers. My favorite cultivars are 'Cayuga', a compact grower with pinkish buds, and 'Compactum', which grows to just iii feet tall and broad in x years.
The directly species grade of European cranberry bush-league (Five. opulus) is non as exciting as some viburnums, simply several cultivars are exceptional. 'Xanthocarpum', a white-flowering lacecap type, is i of my top-ten viburnums. Information technology has dark-green foliage and yellowish stems with persistent yellow fruit. 'Nanum', a dwarf cultivar, grows to only two anxiety high and 3 feet wide in ten years. It's sometimes confused with 'Compactum', which gets much larger and flowers more than than 'Nanum'. European snowball viburnum (5. o. 'Roseum') is a sterile viburnum. Its showy and profuse snowball flowers start out apple-greenish and modify to white.
Simply the real floral show-stoppers are the doublefile viburnums (V. plicatum var. tomentosum). There are many fine cultivars in this group, though some of my favorites take little or no fragrance. They all have excellent orangish-cerise foliage in fall with red-black fruit. 'Mariesii' and 'Shasta' both accept white lacecap flowers. 'Kern's Pink' has pale-pink snowball flowers and nighttime-green leaves with magenta edges.
Last simply not to the lowest degree is V. sargentii 'Onondaga', a knock-out cultivar introduced by Dr. Egolf. Its maroon foliage emerges at the same time as fertile flowers that are a little darker maroon and set off by sterile florets in white with a tint of burgundy. This sensational shrub makes a corking specimen or hedge.
Colorful fruit adds appeal
Viburnums often fix good-looking fruit, which oftentimes persists for a long time. Among the best fruiting viburnums is linden viburnum (5. dilatatum). Dr. Egolf also introduced some fine cultivars of this Eastward Asian species. The crimson fruits of 'Erie' eventually turn coral, then pinkish. The compact-growing 'Oneida' holds its glossy, night-red fruit for most of the winter. 'Michael Contrivance', with its yellow fruit, is skillful for the autumn garden. The bright-red berries of tea viburnum (V. setigerum) oftentimes persist throughout wintertime. This Asian native will accept a lot of shade, and yous could try making tea from the leaves.
Smooth witherod (Five. nudum), a fine native species, also puts on an exceptional show in fruit. Its berries plough from green to pink to cherry-red to dark bluish. All these tin can appear on a single plant at the aforementioned fourth dimension. 'Winterthur' is more compact. In autumn, smooth witherod's glossy leaves turn from tinted statuary to vivid red.
The native I probably use almost ofttimes in planting schemes is American cranberry bush viburnum (V. trilobum), so named because its fruit looks similar bright-red cranberries. Its well-baked and shiny nighttime-light-green foliage turns reddish-purple in the autumn. New growth emerges with a cherry tint. Compact cultivars, such every bit 'Compactum Alfredo', work well in hedges or shrub borders. 'Wentworth' is a must for wintertime interest, with its carmine-red wintertime fruit persisting well into January if the temperature doesn't drib too drastically. American cranberry bush, however, does not similar dry locations.
For expert fruit displays, it's important to remember that nearly viburnums are not self-pollinating. In fact, except for V. opulus, they are self-incompatible, which means they need a picayune genetic variability to fruit well. For instance, witherod viburnum does not fruit well planted solitary. When planted about its cousin, smooth witherod, its fruiting dramatically increases.
Once you plant a viburnum or three in your garden, you're certain to relish them from season to flavor and for many years to come. And you'll probably showtime looking for more of these rewarding shrubs to abound as well.
Viburnums that excel from season to season
I would exist hard pressed to pick but a scattering of exceptional viburnums, and so this hefty chart lists a few dozen. Bloom times are for Zone half-dozen. Semi-evergreen means that the shrub holds some or all of its leaves in a mild winter. Unless noted, viburnums abound well in moist, well-drained soil in full sun, but will also tolerate fractional shade. North American native viburnums and their cultivars are indicated past an asterisk.
V. acerfolium* (mapleleaf viburnum)
Tiptop and width: 4-half-dozen x 3-4 ft. Flowers: yellowish-white lacecap. Bloom time: May or June. Fruit: blackness; often persists into wintertime. Comments: proficient in dry out shade; autumn colour ranges from creamy pinkish to deep purple. Zones: three-eight
V. alnifolium* (also known equally V. lantanoides) (hobblebush)
Superlative and width: 7-8 ten viii-10 ft.. Flowers: white lacecap, fragrant. Bloom fourth dimension: May. Fruit: red to purple-blackness. Comments: excellent ruby-red-regal fall color; good understory plant for moist shade. Zones: three-6
V. × bodnantense 'Dawn'
Height and width: viii-10 x 6 ft.. Flowers: pink buds open to white; fragrant. Bloom time: Feb.-Apr. Fruit: carmine to black. Comments: foliage emerges bronzy-green, matures to dark green. Zones: 4-8
V. × burkwoodii (Burkwood viburnum)
Height and width: viii x 5 ft.. Flowers: pinkish buds open to white snowballs, spicy fragranc. Bloom time: March-April. Fruit: red to black. Comments: semi-evergreen. Zones: iv-viii
V. × burkwoodii 'Anne Russell'
Height and width: 6 x 8 ft. Flowers: pink buds open to white snowballs, fragrant. Blossom fourth dimension: April. Fruit: red to black. Comments: semi-evergreen. Zones: 5-viii
Five. × burkwoodii 'Mohawk'
Height and width: 7 x v ft. Flowers: dark-cerise buds open up to white snowballs, clove fragrance. Blossom time: Ma. Fruit: red to black. Comments: orange-scarlet autumn color; illness-resistant. Zones: v-8
V. × carlcephalum (fragrant snowball viburnum)
Height and width: half dozen-10 ten 6-10 ft.. Flowers: pinkish opening to white snowballs, fragran. Bloom time: May. Fruit: blood-red to black. Comments: a vigorous, upright-growing shrub. Zones: 5-8
V. carlesii (Mayflower viburnum, Korean spice viburnum)
Top and width: 10-12 x 7-8 ft. Flowers: pink buds open white, very fragrant snowballs. Bloom time: May. Fruit: red to blac. Comments: dense shrub with upright spreading branches. Zones: 4-vii
V. carlesii 'Compactum'
Height and width: 4 x 4 ft. Flowers: pink buds open white, very fragrant. Bloom time: May. Fruit: red to black. Comments: very nighttime-green leaf turns wine-red in fall; fantabulous for borders. Zones: four-7
V. cassinoides* (witherod viburnum)
Pinnacle and width: 6-10 x 5-6 ft.. Flowers: creamy-white laceca. Flower time: Jun. Fruit: green to scarlet to blue-blackness, often all at once. Comments: orange to purple fall color. Zones: 4-8
5. dentatum* (arrowwood viburnum)
Elevation and width: 10-12 ten 5-6 ft. Flowers: creamy-white, fragrant lacecap. Bloom fourth dimension: May-June. Fruit: yellow to glossy ruby-red to purple. Comments: adapts to varied soil conditions. Zones: 2-8
Five. dilatatum (linden viburnum)
Superlative and width: 8-ten 10 7-eight ft. Flowers: creamy white lacecap, slightly fragran. Bloom time: May-June. Fruit: reddish-scarlet, often persists into wintertime. Comments: bronze to russet fall color. Zones: 4-eight
V. dilatatum 'Erie'
Height and width: 10 x 6 ft. Flowers: flossy-white lacecap. Bloom time: May-June. Fruit: prolific and persisten. Comments: yellowish-to-blood-red fall colour;. Zones: 5-eight
V. dilatatum 'Michael Dodge'
Top and width: eight-10 10 5-7 ft.. Flowers: creamy-white, laceca. Bloom time: May-June. Fruit: yellow, persistent. Comments: ruby-red to burgundy fall color foliage. Zones: 5-eight
V. dilatatum 'Oneida'
Height and width: 5 x 5 ft. Flowers: white lacecap. Blossom time: May. Fruit: red fruit, persistent. Comments: pale-yellow to orangish-red fall colo. Zones: v-8
5. × juddii (Judd viburnum)
Height and width: seven x half-dozen ft. Flowers: white, very fragrant snowball type. Bloom fourth dimension: April-May. Fruit: crimson to blac. Comments: an exceptional flowering shrub. Zones: 4-8
V. lantana 'Mohican' (way-faring tree)
Height and width: 8 x 9 ft. Flowers: white snowball, not fragran. Bloom time: May. Fruit: orangish to red to blackness. Comments: excellent foliage turns regal in fall; takes dry soil. Zones: 3-7
V. lentago* (nannyberry viburnum, sheepberry)
Height and width: 15-20 x 8-10 ft.. Flowers: creamy-white lacecap. Blossom time: May. Fruit: from greenish to blue-black; lasts into wintertime. Comments: a fine pocket-size specimen tree; adapts to wet or dry soi. Zones: ii-8
5. nudum "Winterthur'* (polish witherod)
Meridian and width: half dozen-viii x 5 ft.. Flowers: creamy-white lacecap. Blossom fourth dimension: June. Fruit: light-green to pink to cerise to bluish, oft at in one case. Comments: a fine modest specimen tree; ruby-red to ruby-purple autumn colour. Zones: 5-9
V. opulus 'Xanthocarpum' (yellow-fruited European cranberry bush-league)
Summit and width: 6 x six ft. Flowers: white lacecap. Bloom time: Ma. Fruit: yellow fruit, persistent. Comments: first-class compact form; lime-green foliage turns yellow in fal. Zones: 3-7
5. opulus 'Nanum' (dwarf European cranberry bush)
Height and width: 2 x 3 ft. Flowers: white snowball. Bloom time: May. Fruit: rarely produces frui. Comments: excellent fall color; good for small hedge; does non tolerate moisture soil. Zones: 3-7
V. opulus 'Roseum' (European snowball bush)
Height and width: 8-10 x 6-vii ft. Flowers: white snowbal. Flower time: May. Fruit: red to blackness. Comments: great color for shrub border. Zones: 3-7
5. plicatum var. tomentosum 'Kern'southward Pink' (pinkish doublefile viburnum)
Height and width: 6 x 8 ft. Flowers: light-pink snowball. Bloom time: May. Fruit: red to blackness. Comments: night-green foliage with magenta leafage margins. Zones: 3-8
5. plicatum var. tomentosum 'Mariesii' (doublefile viburnum)
Height and width: 8 10 12 ft. Flowers: white laceca. Blossom time: May. Fruit: red to black. Comments: elegant horizontal branching; reddish-purple autumn colo. Zones: five-viii
V. plicatum var. tomentosum 'Shasta' (doublefile viburnum)
Height and width: 6 x v ft. Flowers: large white lacecap. Flower time: May. Fruit: cerise to black. Comments: plum-hued fall color, nifty as a specimen. Zones: five-8
V. plicatum var. tomentosum 'Summer Snowflake' (doublefile viburnum)
Meridian and width: x x v ft. Flowers: white laceca. Bloom fourth dimension: June-September. Fruit: red to black. Comments: great for all-summer blooms; yellow-orange autumn color. Zones: three-8
V. plicatum var. tomentosum 'Newport' (doublefile viburnum)
Height and width: 5 10 5 ft. Flowers: white snowball; light fragrance. Bloom time: Ma. Fruit: rarely produces fruit. Comments: greenish leaves turn burgundy in fal. Zones: 5-8
5. prunifolium* (blackhaw viburnum)
Height and width: 12-15 x 8-12 ft.. Flowers: creamy-white lacecap. Blossom time: May. Fruit: pink to blue-black. Comments: purple-red fall foliage; lovely native tree, mildew-resistant. Zones: 3-9
V. × rhytidophylloides 'Allegheny'*
Height and width: ten x 12 ft. Flowers: creamy-white laceca. Bloom time: May (may continue blooming. Fruit: cerise to blac. Comments: semi-evergree. Zones: 4-8
5. × rhytidophylloides 'Willowwood'*
Elevation and width: 12 x 12 ft. Flowers: creamy-white, dome-shaped. Flower time: May (may continue blooming. Fruit: reddish to blac. Comments: semi-evergreen, pleasing arching habit. Zones: 4-8
V. rufidulum* (Southern blackhaw viburnum)
Height and width: 15 x 8 ft. Flowers: white lacecap. Bloom fourth dimension: May. Fruit: dark-blue. Comments: burgundy autumn foliage. Zones: five-9
V. sargentii 'Onondaga' ('Onondaga' Sargent viburnum)
Height and width: 12 x 6 ft. Flowers: maroon lacecap blossom with white floret. Flower time: Ma. Fruit: cherry. Comments: new foliage is maroon; must have moist soil. Zones: 3-seven
5. setigerum (tea viburnum)
Pinnacle and width: 10-12 x 8-10 ft. Flowers: white lacecap. Bloom time: May-June. Fruit: crimson-orange in pendant clusters, persisten. Comments: excellent woodland shrub. Zones: v-7
V. sieboldii (Seibold viburnum)
Height and width: 15-twenty x 10-xv ft. Flowers: profuse, creamy-white laceca. Blossom fourth dimension: May. Fruit: apricot to red, heavy clusters; persistent. Comments: large shrub or minor tree, light-green-purple fall foliage, deer-resistan. Zones: four-eight
V. trilobum* (American cranberry bush)
Height and width: 8-12 x 8-12 ft. Flowers: white laceca. Blossom time: May. Fruit: red, edible. Comments: yellow to burgundy fall foliage; makes nice hedge. Zones: 2-7
V. trilobum 'Compactum' (meaty American cranberry bush)
Height and width: 4 ten 3 ft. Flowers: white lacecap. Bloom fourth dimension: May. Fruit: yellowish to red, persistent. Comments: orangish-to-burgundy fall foliage; good for mixed shrub border. Zones: 2-7
V. trilobum 'Wentworth' (Wentworth cranberry bush-league)
Acme and width: 8 x half dozen ft. Flowers: white lacecap. Blossom time: May. Fruit: yellow to bright red, persisten. Comments: ruddy fall color; first-class for wintertime garden. Zones: 2-7
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